HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a fundamental coding language used for creating web pages. It structures content and defines elements like headings, paragraphs, links, and images for web browsers to display.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a coding language used for web design. It controls the layout, appearance, and formatting of web pages, making them visually appealing and user-friendly.

JavaScript is a versatile, client-side scripting language used for web development. It enhances interactivity, performs actions on websites, and can manipulate HTML/CSS. It's widely supported by browsers.

Node.js is an open-source runtime environment for executing JavaScript code server-side. It's non-blocking and event-driven, making it ideal for building scalable, real-time web applications.

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that stores and retrieves data. It's widely used for web applications and supports SQL for data manipulation and retrieval.

MongoDB is a popular NoSQL database known for its flexibility, scalability, and performance. It stores data in JSON-like documents, supports dynamic schemas, and is widely used in modern web applications.

React is a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It utilizes a component-based architecture, enabling developers to create dynamic and interactive web applications efficiently with its virtual DOM.

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It supports multiple programming paradigms, has a vast ecosystem of libraries, and is widely used in various domains.

Java is a popular programming language known for its portability, object-oriented structure, and versatility. It's used in web development, enterprise applications, mobile apps, and various other domains worldwide.

Express.js is a minimalist web framework for Node.js, used to build web applications and APIs easily. It simplifies server-side programming with its robust features and middleware support.